Lessons

The very thing that allows us to stay up as long as we want, may be reprogramming our bodies. You'll learn about the effect of light and darkness on the human circadian rhythm, and we'll explore how sleep has changed since the advent of stable artificial lighting.

Podcast Lecture: The Somniloquy, Episodes 5 & 6

Readings:

Lavie, The Enchanted World of Sleep: Ch. 6

Ekirch, At Day's Close: Ch. 12

Questions:

1. What is the circadian rhythm?

2. What does Lavie mean by the "25-hour Day?"

3. How do light and darkness our bodies chemically?

4. According to Ekirch, how did pre-industrial people sleep differently from modern day people? What is "first sleep?"

Activities:

Sleep with the Sun: Find out what time the sun rises and sets in your local area and for one day, follow the sun's schedule. Get up at dawn and go to bed at sunset. Keep a log of your sleep times. What is the quality of your sleep and what is the quality of your wakefulness? Is the sun's schedule radically different from your normal rhythm?

Guiseppe Tartini is said to have a dream of the devil playing the violin. The piece was beautiful. When Tartini awoke, he attempted to recreate it, though he says the resulting composition, "The Devil's Trill," was never as good as what he heard in his dream. Stories abound of artists, musicians, and particularly writers, dreaming their craft.

Podcast Lecture: The Somniloquy

Reading:

Epel, Writers Dreaming: essays by Isabel Allende, Maya Angelou, and Stephen King

Questions:

1. Allende, King, and Angelou each discuss recurring dreams. How does each interpret them in relation to his or her writing?

2. How do these writers theorize the dream state and its function?

3. Both Angelou and King write that the writing process is like dreaming. Do you agree?

Activities:

Documentary--"The Power of Dreams: Creative Spark": Watch Vol. 2 of this Discover Channel documentary, and note especially the interviews with Isabel Allende, William Styron, and Billy Joel, who discuss the way dreams have inspired their work.

Dream Journal: Look back over your dream journal-- do you see evidence of any problem-solving in your dreams? Have your dreams influenced your own creative and intellectual projects?

Why so many tales of dream selves? Of course, the dream self raises questions about the nature of identity, but it also allows us to ask "what if?" What if I were someone else? Am I someone else? While many of the stories we've discussed focus on the danger of such inquiry carried to the extreme (The Dead in Love, Fight Club, "Open Your Eyes") or the costs of the double life ("Brazil"), there is a flip side. If the dream self represents some unexplored part of the psyche, then it holds also the potential for power, inspiration, and creativity.

Podcast Lecture: The Somniloquy

Reading:

Dement, The Promise of Sleep: Ch. 14

Questions:

1. What has Dement discovered about the relationship between sleep and learning from observing college students reduce their sleep debt?

2. What might be some of the practical connections between sleep and creativity?

3. Note some famous examples of dream-inspired creations.

Activities:

Dreams and Problem-Solving: Have you ever had the answer to a problem come to you after you "slept on it?" Have you ever dreamt the solution to a problem? Has a dream ever inspired a creative endeavor? Ask your friends and family these questions too-- how common are such dreams?

Are you a lucid dreamer? Are you able to control what happens in your dreams? While lucidity is of interest to some Buddhists, because it encourages the practioner to grasp the truth that all experience is illusion, westerners tend to emphasize a different set of benefits-- ranging from the practical to the spiritual. What would happen in your dreamlife if you had the ability to direct it? In this lesson, you'll read an introduction to the science of lucid dreaming and view a Spanish film where a young man "wakes up" into a nightmare.

Podcast Lecture: The Somniloquy

Reading:

LaBerge, "Lucidity Research, Past and Future"

"Open Your Eyes" (1997)

Questions:

1. What are some of the ways in which Laberge and his researchers train subjects to become lucid?

2. What has lucid dream research suggested about the mind-body relationship?

3. What are some of the potental practical applications of lucid dreaming?

4. In "Open Your Eyes," what is César's life like before the accident? How would you describe his character?

5. Why does he wear the mask? What does the mask represent?

6. How does the film make the audience question what is real and what is illusion? Compare to "Brazil."

7. What various meanings does the title (and frequently used expression) "open your eyes" mean in the film?

8. What is the role of Nuria in the story? Sofia? Compare these two to various female characters we've encountered in the texts and films of this course.

9. How does the film reveal "the truth" of what is happening to César? What is wrong with him? Compare this revelation to the revelation that occurs near the end of Fight Club.

Activities:

Remaking the Dream: The 2001 American "Vanilla Sky" is a remake of "Open Your Eyes" with some important differences. Watch "Vanilla Sky" and pay particular attention to the revelation and the conclusion. How does the American film treat the phenomenon and experience of lucidity?

So who is Tyler Durden? Near the end of the novel, we learn that the narrator's insomnia is in fact a mask for a different phenomenon. As in "The Horla," the narrator comes to believe that self-violence is the only way out. How does the story resolve? Can you trust the narrator?

Podcast Lecture: The Somniloquy

Reading:

Palahniuk, Fight Club: Ch. 15-30

Questions:

1. What is Project Mayhem? Why does Tyler start it?

2. Who are the space monkeys?

3. What happens to the narrator's relationship to Tyler around the start of Project Mayhem?

4. What is the meaning of Tyler's kiss?

5. How does the narrator come to realize his TRUE relationship to Tyler?

Activities:

Novel v. Film: If you haven't already, see the Hollywood version of "Fight Club" (1999) and note the stark difference between the endings. How does the film's ending rewrite the story and the character of the narrator? How is the novel's ending less "safe?" Which conclusion do you prefer and why?

What does Chuck Palahniuk's 1996 breakout novel have to do with sleep and dream? Start reading, and you'll learn that the narrator suffers from insomnia. Keep reading, and you'll discover some familiar sleep and dream themes: the double life, the alternate self, madness, and a narrative "I" trying to make sense of it all.

Podcast Lecture: The Somniloquy

Reading:

Palahniuk, Fight Club: Ch. 1-14

Questions:

1. How does the narrator describe his insomnia? How do the frequent plane trips play into his sleep problems?

2. What is the narrator's life like before he meets Tyler Durden?

3. Why does the narrator go to the various support groups? Why does Marla? What do they seek?

4. Describe the narrator's relationship to Tyler and to Marla, as individuals and as a couple.

5. What is Fight Club? What does it provide for the narrator?

6. Why do they make soap?

7. Why does Tyler talk about hitting bottom? What does he mean by this? What are some of the strategies he advocates for hitting rock bottom?

Activities:

The Trouble with Insomnia: Have you ever suffered through a sleepless night? How would you describe it? For the narrator of Fight Club, insomnia makes him feel like "a copy of a copy of a copy." Read the following poems about insomnia-- which ones resonate with you and why? What IS so horrible about not being able to sleep?

Cornelius Eady: "Insomnia"

Joyce Carol Oates: "Insomnia"

Gregory Orr: "Insomnia Song"

Have you ever had a nightmare where you were unable to move? to breathe? Did it feel like someone was sitting on your chest? If so, you were experiencing "Old Hag syndrome." Nightmare has been personified in many ways, but suffocation is a frequent one. In Guy de Maupassant's chilling short story "The Horla" (1887) the narrator believes that he is being choked in his sleep by an invisible creature. Is the Horla real? Or is it the personification of an illness?

Podcast Lecture: The Somniloquy

Reading:

Maupassant, "The Horla" (1887 version)

Questions:

1. What is the nature of the narrator's nighttime affliction? What are his nightmares about?

2. What is the significance of the Brazilian ship?

3. How does the narrator attempt to discover who is drinking his water while he sleeps?

4. What is the point of the hypnotist subplot that takes place in Paris?

5. What other supernatural or inexplainable events happen when the narrator returns home?

6. Who is the Horla, according to the narrator? How does he "see" him?

7. Explain the end: what happens?

Activities:

Visual Art Study-- Fuseli's "The Nightmare": Study Johann Fuseli's 18th century paintings of the nightmare. What do you make of the visual elements chosen to represent the experience? What is the attitude of the sleeper, the incubus, and the mare? How do they relate to one other visually in each of the versions?

1781 version. and 1782 version

Have you ever wished you could prolong a dream? Is sleep your only respite from problems in waking life? Dreaming as a means of escape is one of the themes of Terry Gilliam's 1985 film "Brazil." The hero, Sam Lowry, can find relief from his dull, bureaucratic, state-controlled life ONLY in the realm of his dreams. But what happens when that dreamlife begins to seep into his waking life?

Podcast Lecture: The Somniloquy

Viewing:

"Brazil"

Questions:

1. What vision of society does "Brazil" present? How is "Brazil" similar to and different from Orwell's 1984?

2. Describe the dream sequences. Can you tell the dreams apart from Sam's waking life? What devices (visual, auditory, narrative) does the film use to differentiate the dream world from the real world which does it use to blurr the two?

3. Notice the slogans and sayings repeated throughout the film. What effect do these have upon the viewer?

4. How do the elements of Sam's dream world find their way into the real world?

5. During which moments is it particularly difficult to know whether Sam is dreaming, fantasizing?

6. What do the various elements of Sam's dream world symbolize? How would you interpret his dreams?

7. How do you interpret the scene where Sam sees his own face when he removes the mask of the giant?

8. At what point in the film do the boundaries between real and illusion seem to break down completely?

9. How many different endings does the film seem to offer? How do you interpret the very last scene before the closing credits? Is Sam mad?

10. Think about the theme of escape: how does Sam attempt to escape from his life? Is escape possible in a centralized, totalitarian society? If so, how?

11. How does "Brazil" reflect societal, cultural and political concerns of the mid-1980s? How does it play today in the 21st century?

12. What is the role of technology in the film? What types of technology proliferate and what is the relationship between humans and machines in the world of the film?

Activities:

Scene Study--Where's Sam Lowry? Watch the chapter "Where's Sam Lowry" on the dvd, and notice the juxtaposition of Sam's work world and his dream world. How is his dreaming self presented? How do his coworkers attempt to escape from the bureaucratic machine of their working lives?

By day he is a country priest. By night, he is the consort of a vampiric woman. Which identity is real and which is a dream? Gautier's 1836 tale captures the extent to which the dreaming self aspires to its own autonomy, its own life. Can the priest integrate that self into his waking identity?

Podcast Lecture: The Somniloquy

Reading:

Gautier, "The Dead in Love"

Questions:

1. What is unusual about the priest's cycle of wakefulness and sleep?

2. What happens during his ordination? How does he eventually come to see Clarimonde again?

3. Describe Clarimonde's powers. What does she want? How does she transform the priest?

4. What is the role of Sérapion in the story?

5. Which world does the priest eventually choose to live in and why?

Activities:

Film Study--Passion of Mind: See Alain Berliner's 2000 "Passion of Mind" which is in many ways a modern retelling of "The Dead in Love." However, note carefully where the stories diverge. Why does Demi Moore's character create a double dream life? How does she choose which world to live in?

From witches to walking woods, Macbeth is a play that explores what happens when the boundaries of the natural are disrupted. This is no where more apparent than in the opening of Act V, the sleepwalking scene. As we conclude our discussion of the play, we'll also talk about the uncanny phenomenon of somnambulism.

Podcast Lecture: The Somniloquy

Readings:

Dement, The Promise of Sleep: Ch. 8

Shakespeare, Macbeth: Act V

Questions:

1. What does the doctor believe about Lady MacBeth's sleepwalking? What does she do and say in her sleep? What eventually happens to Lady MacBeth?

2. Why does MacBeth believe he is virtually invinceable in Dunsinane castle? What happens to trouble his faith?

3. Who is the man of no woman born who slays MacBeth? What is MacBeth's reaction to the real meaning of the witches' prophecies?

4. What is REM behavior disorder? How does it differ from sleepwalking and night terrors?

5. What is dangerous about REM behavior disorder? What are typical characteristics of someone who suffers from it? What are some hypotheses about its cause?

6. Which factors seem to contribute to sleepwalking and night terrors?

7. What is the state of the sleepwalker's brain?

Activities:

Performance Study--Lady Macbeth Sleepwalks: View the Royal Shakespeare Co.'s performance of the sleepwalking scene (Act. 5, Sc. 1) here. How have the actors interpreted the scene? What does the scene tell us about Lady Macbeth AND about sleep?

The Sleepwalking Defense: Are individuals responsible for their actions while they are asleep? Can one be held legally or morally accountable? These questions raise the bigger question of the status of certain mental faculties during sleep. Read about one infamous case where a man accused of stabbing his wife to death, claims to have been sleepwalking.

"Sleep no more! Macbeth does murder sleep." In the relentless pursuit of his desires, Macbeth unravels into a kind of madness, in which peaceful slumber is impossible, and dreams are tortured. The scene of Banquo's ghost again raises the question: is something supernatural going on? Is Macbeth hallucinating? Dreaming while awake?

Podcast Lecture: The Somniloquy

Reading:

Shakespeare, Macbeth: Acts III-IV

Questions:

1. Why does MacBeth now plot Banquo's murder? Does he have hesitations similar to those he experienced before murdering Duncan?

2. In what ways is MacBeth haunted by the murder of Duncan and Banquo?

3. Only MacBeth can see Banquo's ghost: why? What does Lady MacBeth make of it?

4. What do the three witches reveal to MacBeth at the start of Act IV? How does this feed his ambition and his fear?

5. Why does MacBeth send assassins to kill MacDuff's family? Why is Lady MacDuff cross with her husband?

6. How does Malcolm come to trust MacDuff? What is Malcolm's plan to avenge his father and take back Scotland?

7. What is MacDuff's reaction when he learns the fate of his family?

Activities:

Performance Study-- The Banquet: View how the Royal Shakespeare Co.'s production handles the Banquet scene when Macbeth sees Banquo's ghost (Act. 3, Sc. 3). You can view the clip here. In particular how do Ian McKellen (Macbeth) and Judi Dench (Lady Macbeth) play their respective roles? What do they each think is happening to Macbeth?

Now we turn to the sleep and dream of individuals... how these personal, solitary, internal experiences are described or represented in various types of fiction. More often than not, fictional sleep is disorderly. Something has gone wrong-- insomnia, nightmares, or sleepwalking. In Macbeth's case, it's all of the above. We'll start with the Scottish play and examine how Macbeth uses sleep and sleep phenomena to tell its story.

Podcast Lecture: The Somniloquy

Reading:

Shakespeare, Macbeth: Acts I-II

Questions:

1. Why does Duncan bestow the title of Thane of Cawdor upon MacBeth?

2. How is MacBeth described in battle?

3. What predictions do the Weird Sisters make to MacBeth and Banquo? How do these two react to this information?

4. Describe Lady MacBeth. How does she influence her husband?

5. What is the plan that MacBeth is to carry out? Why does he hesitate?

6. "Is this a dagger which I see before me..." (Act 2, Sc.1 line 44): Explain what is happening in this scene.

7. Why did Lady MacBeth not kill Duncan herself when she had the chance?

8. How is Duncan's murder discovered? What happens to the two servants whom Lady MacBeth framed? What do Malcolm and Donalbain do?

Activities:

Film Study--The Dagger Scene: How do theatrical and filmic productions of Macbeth handle the dagger scene (Act. 2, Sc. 1)? Is it clear that Macbeth is hallucinating? Or does it appear to be a supernatural scene? Watch 2 or 3 different versions of this scene and compare. My suggestions would be:

The 1948 Orson Welles version

The 1971 Roman Polanski version

The 1979 filmed performance by the Royal Shakespeare Co.

Remember: there is no spoon. This cult film of 1999 explores some of the very same questions as Life as a Dream: How can we tell what is real? Do we make our own destinies? Moreover, "The Matrix" uses sleep and dream as metaphors to tell its story. Viewed in this light, Neo is special because he is not only lucid, but he can also control "the dream."

Podcast Lecture: The Somniloquy

Viewing: "The Matrix" (Only the first film of the trilogy)

Questions:

1. In what ways is the world of the Matrix similar to the dream-state? How is it different?

2. What constitutes "reality" for the characters in the film?

3. Consider Thomas Anderson/Neo's transformation during the film: What are the different stages? What does he have to accept and/or abandon in order to fulfill his destiny?

4. "There is no spoon"-- explain the role of this scene and this line. What meaning does it come to have for Neo?

5. Both "The Matrix" and Life is a Dream rely on prophecy as a plot device. What other similarities can you draw between these two dramas--in plot, theme or character? What are the chief differences?

Activities:

Film Study-- Presentation of Neo: Rewatch the introductory scene of Neo (chapter 3 on the dvd) and note the various visual and verbal references to sleep and dream. How is Neo presented? What clues about the Matrix does this scene provide?

You fall asleep a prisoner and wake up a prince. Your new servants tell you that everything you remember about your life was just a dream. A very bad dream. How do you behave? How do you test your new reality? Act II of Life is a Dream plunges Segismundo into this scenario. Does he end up fulfilling his father's fears?

Podcast Lecture: The Somniloquy

Reading:

Calderón, Life is a Dream: Act II

Questions:

1. How does the king's plan unfold the next day?

2. What does the king mean by "Everyone who lives is dreaming?"

3. How does Segismundo behave when he awakens and learns he is a prince?

4. Why does Rosaura now dress as a woman? What does she seek from Astolfo? How does she manage to complicate his wooing of Estrella?

5. What happens when Segismundo "wakes up" the second time? How does he come to process his experience? What has he learned about life and dreaming?

Activities:

Dreams are Only Dreams: The final line at the close of Act II is:

"For the whole of life is just a dream. And dreams... dreams are only dreams."

How does Segismundo's statement resonate with Buddhist beliefs about the dream world and the material world?

In the Chuang Tzu, the author describes a dream of a butterfly. Upon awakening, he thinks, "Now I do not know whether I was then a man dreaming I was a butterfly, or whether I am now a butterfly dreaming that I am now a man." This is exactly the position of Segismundo in Act III of Life is a Dream. What anchors him in this perpetual uncertainty? Free will.

Podcast Lecture: The Somniloquy

Reading:

Calderón, Life is a Dream: Act III

Questions:

1. What happens at the beginning of the act that makes Segismundo question again whether or not he is awake or dreaming?

2. How does Segismundo behave differently this time? What does he resolve to do?

3. How is Clotaldo torn between duty to his king and duty to his family?

4. How does Rosaura appear to Segismundo the third time and what are her reasons? Why does Segismundo turn away from her?

5. What connections do you see between Segismundo and Rosaura, other than their mutual attraction?

6. How is Clarin's death linked to the king's fate?

Activities:

Film Clip--"Waking Life"-- Chapter 6 "Free Will and Physics": Watch chapter 6 on the dvd of "Waking Life" or watch the last 2 minutes of this clip and the first 4 of this one. Do humans really have free will? Do we control our destinies? What are some of the problems in thinking through the ramifications of free will in a world governed by a deity or by physical law?

How does Buddhist Dream Yoga connect to a 17th-century Spanish play? The next couple of lessons constitute a sub-unit of sorts, and also serve as a segue to Unit III. The topic: the tricky question of the nature of reality and illusion. How do we know what's what? Can we know? The material: fiction--first a play, then a film. Pedro Calderón de la Barca's La Vida es Sueno (1626), which often reads like a Buddhist treatment of the subject, also explores the ideas of free will and fate.

Podcast Lecture: The Somniloquy

Reading:

Calderon, Life is a Dream: Act I

Questions:

1. Who are Rosaura & Clarin? Segismundo and Clotaldo? How do the former come to meet the latter? What is Segismundo's plight?

2. Why does Clotaldo fear he will have to kill Rosaura & Clarin and why is he loathe to do so?

3. Why is Rosaura dressed as a man?

4. Explain the family intrigue surrounding the king Basilio. What is Astolfo's motivation regarding Estrella?

5. What is the king's plan for Segismundo? What are his reasons for creating this "most amazing event?"

6. Note how Segismundo is described. What kind of man is he? How is he described by his father?

7. Compare the attitudes and actions of Basilio and Clotaldo towards their children. What picture of fatherhood does Calderón portray?

Activities:

Literary Analysis: "O what a tangled web we weave, when first we practice to deceive" (Walter Scott). Scott's famous line is quite apt, as in its Latin origins, the verb "to deceive" means "to ensnare." The American Heritage Dictionary specifies that deception "involves the deliberate misrepresentation of the truth." In other words, deception is all about creating an illusion. List the various ways in which the principle characters of Act I seek to deceive other characters. What is the illusion that each one wants to spin?

Yoga means "union" in Sanskrit. While in the West the term has come to denote the physical practice of stretching the body through various poses (Hatha Yoga), the true practioner of Yoga employs a variety of techniques to help her fully realize her unity with God/Buddha/the universe, etc. One of the premises of Dream Yoga, then, is that the sleep and dream states are no different from our waking lives. Both are illusory. If you can wake up to one illusion, perhaps you can wake up to the other.

Podcast Lecture: The Somniloquy

Readings:

Rinpoche, The Tibetan Yogas of Dream and Sleep: Preface, Introduction, Part I, Ch. 1 and Part II, Ch. 2

Questions:

1. How did the author come to be interested in dreams?

2. What are some of the benefits to practicing awareness through dream yoga?

3. How will awareness in sleep prepare one for death?

4. What value do dreams have in the spiritual journey?

5. How did the author's mother use her dreams in her everyday life?

6. What are dreams of clarity?

7. Do practitioners of Tibetan Buddhism believe that the future is written in stone?

8. What are "mind treasures?"

Activities:

Film Clip-- "Waking Life," Chapter 10 "Dreams": Richard Linklater's 2001 "Waking Life" takes on the question of reality and illusion in a kaleidoscopic way. The main character floats (sometimes literally) from one philosophical conversation to another, never sure if he is awake or dreaming. Watch chapter 10 ("Dream") on the dvd or the last two minutes of this clip and the first 5 minutes of this clip here, and think about these questions:

--Which Buddhist themes or concepts do the characters mention?

--How does this particular clip play with the dream/reality distinction?

--How does the look and feel of the film's animation contribute to the discussion of dream and reality?

What if all of life was but a dream? For Tibetan Buddhists, all experience is illusion. One way to achieve awareness of the illusory nature of reality is through work with dreams. In this lesson, we look at some of the different conceptions and uses of dreaming in Buddhist spiritual practice.

Podcast Lecture: The Somniloquy

Readings:

Young, Dreaming in the Lotus: Ch. 1, 4

Questions:

1. What is "Sacred Biography" and what role do dreams play in them?

2. Which verb is used in South Asian texts that refer to the experience of having a dream? What is the significance of this verb according to Young?

3. What is the distinction between dream consciousness and dream content? How are each of these viewed in Buddhist practice?

4. What is the main difference between elite and popular views of dreaming in Buddhist tradition?

5. How do some practitioners of Tibetan Buddhism view the states of wakefulness, dream, meditation and death?

6. How are dreams used to illustrate the concepts of emptiness and illusion in Tibetan Buddhism?

Activities:

Film Study--"Groundhog Day": This 1993 comedy has a strong Buddhist theme. Phil Connors keeps waking up in the same day, over and over again. Get a copy of the film and watch it with the following questions in mind.

--How is his experience like a dream?

--What does it teach him? How does it change him?

--How does he break the cycle?

--At what moment does he truly "wake up?"

The stories of the Dreamtime are very, very old. Passed down through the generations, the Dreamtime stories teach the young the history of their people, how to survive on the land, and how to behave in their society. Over the last century or so, many stories have been written down and translated. They have a dream-like quality both in their characters and in their subject matter-- animals who talk, people who easily traverse the sky and the land, transformations. What do these stories tell us about Aboriginal culture?

Podcast Lecture: The Somniloquy

Readings:

Lambert, ed. Wise Women of the Dreamtime: "Sturt's Desert Pea," "Murgah Muggui," and "Bralgah the Dancing Bird."

Questions:

1. What is the lesson of each story?

2. What picture do these stories provide of Aboriginal values? How do some of these contrast with typical Western values?

3. What contrasts does Parker (the translator and commenter) draw between the Dreamtime codes of behavior and the Aboriginal customs she observed?

Activities:

Oral/Aural Tradition: Listening to a story, or a dream, can be quite different from reading it. These stories were meant to be heard. You can access a number of recorded Dreamtime stories at the Indigenous Australia website. Some of these are narrated by Aboriginal storytellers. Be sure to listen to "Why the stories are told" by Aunty Beryl Carmichael.

Dreaming is a significant aspect of Aboriginal Australian culture. The aborigines believe through dream, dance, and other rituals, they gain direct access to the Dreamtime-- the world-making epoch of their ancestors. In part one of this lesson, we explore the concept of the Dreamtime and the role of the Dreamtime in everyday life.

Podcast Lecture: The Somniloquy

Readings:

Lawlor, Voices of the First Day: Ch. 2

Tonkinson, The Mardu Aborigines: Ch. 1

Questions:

1. How does the notion of the Dreamtime fit into Australian Aboriginal cosmology?

2. What is totemism?

3. How are the Dreamtime stories relevant to the everyday lives of the Aborigines?

4. How do the Aborigines conceive of space and time according to Lawlor?

Activities:

Indigenous Australia--Background: Visit The Australian Museum's website Indigenous Australia and peruse its historical and cultural fact sheets, especially the entries on "The Dreaming" and "Dreaming Tracks."